The neural basis of prey detection, recognition, and common European toad ( " Bufo bufo " ).
2.
The remaining European lineage split into " Bufo bufo " and " Bufo verrucosissimus " less than three million years ago during the Pleistocene.
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Captive frogs and toads have been recorded as living for up to 40 years, an age achieved by a European common toad ( " Bufo bufo " ).
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The European common toad ( " Bufo bufo " ) adopts a characteristic stance when attacked, inflating its body and standing with its hindquarters raised and its head lowered.
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It was first described from the lungs of the European common toad ( " Bufo bufo " ) but has also been found in a number of other species of frog.
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A study published in 2012 examined the phylogenetic relationships between the Eurasian and North African species in the " Bufo bufo " group and indicated a long evolutionary history for the group.
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He, and others after him, did that for several type species : Bufo bufo and Gorilla gorilla are other examples . talk ) 01 : 47, 24 September 2012 ( UTC)
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The landward side is flooded with sea water only occasionally and not every year, so that amphibians such as grass frogs, moor frogs and toads ( Bufo bufo ) live uncharacteristically close to the seashore.
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To see if forepaw preference exists in lower vertebrates, such as amphibians, researchers tested two species of toads : the common European variety known as Bufo bufo and the South American cane toad, Bufo marinus.
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In common toads ( " Bufo bufo " ) it was shown that this detection property matures during the metamorphosis of the aquatic tadpoles in the course of their transition to terrestrial life ( independent of food experience ).